Basic Usage BackTrack
Logging
in to BackTrack
Once the installation of BackTrack
is done, the default username and password required to log in are root / toor.
NOTE: You will not be able to see the password as you type it.
Starting
a GUI Environment
After you are logged in you can
start the GUI Environment by issuing the startx
command.
X
wont start!
In rare occasions (such as after a
VMware tools install, or when using unsupported Video cards), X will refuse to
start. If that happens you have several options you can try in order to fix the
issue:
- Reconfiguring the X server package, you can reset (and often fix) Xorg configurations with the following command:
root@bt:~# dpkg-reconfigure
xserver-xorg
- If you are using Backtrack 5 on x64 with KDE you should try the following:
root@bt:~# rm
/root/.kde/cache-*
NOTE: Sometimes you may need to also remove the cache folders in
/var/tmp by issuing the following command:
root@bt:~# rm -rf
/var/tmp/kdecache-*
Getting
Networking to work
If you haven’t noticed yet BackTrack
does not boot with networking by default in order to increase its stealth.
Setting
your IP manually
We will first set up the networking
manually. In the following example we will assume the following addresses and
their purpose:
IP Address - 192.168.1.112/24
Default Gateway - 192.168.1.1
DNS server - 192.168.1.1
In order to set these up we will run
the following commands:
root@bt:~#
ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.112/24
root@bt:~#
route add default gw 192.168.1.1
root@bt:~#
echo nameserver 192.168.1.1 > /etc/resolv.conf
Getting
a static IP to stick between reboots
These settings however will only
last until you reboot, so if we want to save them between reboots we need to
edit the /etc/network/interfaces file like this:
#
This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
#
and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5).
#
The loopback network interface
auto
lo
iface
lo inet loopback
#
The primary network interface
auto
eth0
iface
eth0 inet static
address 192.168.1.112
netmask 255.255.255.0
network 192.168.1.0
broadcast 192.168.1.255
gateway 192.168.1.1
Edit the file as appropriate, then
have the network come up automatically at boot time:
root@bt:~#
update-rc.d networking defaults
root@bt:~#
/etc/init.d/networking restart
Getting
an IP from DHCP
In order to get an IP from a DHCP
server we can issue the dhclient
command as follows:
root@bt:~#
dhclient eth0
Internet
Systems Consortium DHCP Client V3.1.1
Copyright
2004-2008 Internet Systems Consortium.
All
rights reserved.
For
info, please visit http://www.isc.org/sw/dhcp/
Listening
on LPF/eth0/00:0c:29:81:74:21
Sending
on LPF/eth0/00:0c:29:81:74:21
Sending
on Socket/fallback
DHCPREQUEST
of 192.168.1.112 on eth0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67
DHCPACK
of 192.168.1.112 from 192.168.1.1
bound
to 192.168.1.112 -- renewal in 37595 seconds.
root@bt:~#
Using
the script to start networking
There is a script to start
networking in the /etc/init.d directory which
attempts to start every interface listen in /etc/network/interfaces
(you can remove the ones you don’t need). To start it issue the following
command:
root@bt:~#
/etc/init.d/networking start
WICD
Network Manager
Another way to set up your
networking is using the WICD Network Manager, you can find it in the menu:
Menu > Internet > Wicd Network
Manager
NOTE: Notice that when starting WICD you will get an error:
In order to get rid of this error you have to reboot Backtrack, than BEFORE starting WICD open up a terminal and type in the following:
root@bt:~#
dpkg-reconfigure wicd
root@bt:~#
update-rc.d wicd defaults
Now after a reboot the error should
not occur anymore.
Changing
the root password
As you know Backtrack comes with a
default username and password (root/toor) it is IMPORTANT
that we change that root password especially when running services such as SSH.
We can change the password by issuing the passwd
command:
root@bt:~# passwd
Enter new UNIX password: {enter your new password here } Retype new UNIX
password: {enter your new password again} passwd: password updated successfully
root@bt:~#
Starting
services
BackTrack has various services such
as Apache, SSH, MySQL, VNC, etc. They are all disabled by default. To start a
service such as SSH, you can use the service init scripts. For example, to
start the SSH service:
root@bt:~#
sshd-generate # Specific to the SSH service - needed to
generate SSH keys
root@bt:~#
/etc/init.d/ssh start
Starting
OpenBSD Secure Shell server: sshd.
root@bt:~#
/etc/init.d/ssh stop
Stopping
OpenBSD Secure Shell server: sshd.
root@bt:~#
When using a ssh server for the
first time on Backtrack you will need to generate keys:
root@bt:~#
sshd-generate
To enable a service at boot time,
you can use the update-rc.d command, for example, having SSH start at
boot time:
root@bt:~#
update-rc.d -f ssh defaults
Adding system startup for /etc/init.d/ssh ...
/etc/rc0.d/K20ssh -> ../init.d/ssh
/etc/rc1.d/K20ssh -> ../init.d/ssh
/etc/rc6.d/K20ssh -> ../init.d/ssh
/etc/rc2.d/S20ssh -> ../init.d/ssh
/etc/rc3.d/S20ssh -> ../init.d/ssh
/etc/rc4.d/S20ssh -> ../init.d/ssh
/etc/rc5.d/S20ssh -> ../init.d/ssh
root@bt:~#
Common
apt commands
apt-get install
Downloads and all
of its dependencies, and installs or upgrades them.
apt-get remove [--purge]
Removes and any
packages that depend on it. --purge specifies that packages should be purged.
apt-get update Updates packages listings from the repo, should be run at
least once a week.
apt-get upgrade Upgrades all currently installed packages with those updates
available from the repo. should be run once a week.
apt-get dist-upgrade [-u] Similar to apt-get upgrade, except that dist-upgrade will
install or remove packages to satisfy dependencies.
apt-cache search
Searches packages and descriptions
for .
apt-cache show
Shows the full description of
.
apt-cache showpkg
Shows a lot more detail about
, and its relationships to other packages.
man apt Will give you more info on these commands as well as many
that are in less common usage.
Common
dpkg commands
dpkg -i
Installs a package file; one that
you downloaded manually, for example.
dpkg -c
Lists the contents of
a .deb file.
dpkg -I
Extracts package information from
a .deb file.
dpkg -r Removes an installed package named
dpkg -P Purges an installed package named . The
difference between remove and purge is that while remove only deletes data and
executables, purge also deletes all configuration files in addition.
dpkg -L Gives a listing of all the files installed by
. See also dpkg -c for checking the contents of a .deb file.
dpkg -s Shows information on the installed package .
See also apt-cache show for viewing package information in the Debian archive
and dpkg -I for viewing package information extracted from a .deb file.
dpkg-reconfigure Reconfigures an installed package
man dpkg Will give you more info on these commands as well as many
that are in less common usage.
How
do I find more information on a particular command or programs usage ?
Most commands will have what is called
a man page (manual page) which can be viewed by typing:
root@bt:~#
man
Some programs do not have a man
page, but you can usually get more information on it's usage by typing:
root@bt:~#
Just the program name
without any arguements.
or
root@bt:~#
-help
or
root@bt:~#
--help
or
root@bt:~#
-h
Some programs use other methods, but
they are usually just a variation of one of the above five commands.
sumber : http://www.backtrack-linux.org/wiki/index.php/Basic_Usage